How to Manage Resources by Multiprogramming Operating System? Easy Guide!!

A multiprogramming operating system is an operating system that allows multiple programs to run simultaneously on a single processor machine. The main purpose of multiprogramming is to manage all of the system's resources. Here are some key features of a multiprogramming operating system:

• CPU utilization: Multiprogramming operating systems have high CPU utilization because the CPU is never idle.
• Memory utilization: Memory utilization is efficient in multiprogramming operating systems.
• CPU throughput: CPU throughput is high in multiprogramming operating systems, and they also support multiple interactive user terminals.
• Resource management: The key components of a multiprogramming system are the file system, command processor, transient area, and I/O control system. Multiprogramming operating systems are designed to store and process several programs simultaneously.
• Program execution: In a multiprogramming system, multiple users can complete their tasks at the same time, and they can be saved in the main memory. While a program is performing I/O operations, the CPU may distribute time to other applications while in idle mode. 

Who are using Multiprogramming Operating System

Multiprogramming operating systems are used by a wide range of users, including individuals and organizations. Some examples of users of multiprogramming operating systems are:

• Individuals: Desktop operating systems such as Windows, macOS, and various Linux distributions are examples of multiprogramming operating systems that individuals use to run multiple programs simultaneously.
• Organizations: Multiprogramming operating systems are also used by organizations to manage multiple tasks and processes simultaneously. For example, a company might use a multiprogramming operating system to run multiple applications and processes on a single server as well as  using to multitasking operating system.

How does a multiprogramming operating system manage resources?

multiprogramming operating system manages resources by ensuring that CPU resources are properly allocated and reallocated to each program as resources become available. Here are some key components of a multiprogramming system that help manage resources:

• File system: The file system is responsible for managing files and directories on the system. It provides a way for programs to access and store data on the disk.
• Command processor: The command processor is responsible for interpreting user commands and executing them. It provides a way for users to interact with the system and run programs.
• Transient area: The transient area is a temporary storage area used by the operating system to store data that is being processed. It provides a way for the system to manage data that is being moved between programs and devices.
• I/O control system: The I/O control system is responsible for managing input and output operations. It provides a way for programs to communicate with devices such as printers, keyboards, and displays.

In a multiprogramming system, multiple programs can be loaded into memory and run in rotation as CPU resources become available1. If one program must wait for an input/output transfer, the other programs are ready to use the CPU, allowing various jobs to share CPU time2. The primary goal of multiprogramming is to manage the entire system's resources efficiently2.